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Heinkel He219a5
During World War 2 Germany was faced with very heavy and almost daily attacks by large fleets of Royal Air Force and US Air Force bombers. Day light raids laid mainly with the B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberators of the US Air Force, while the night raids were usually flown by the Royal Air Force's Lancasters and Halifaxes. These bombers came in large numbers, several hundreds or even thousands per day. They hit military targets, but it was also the policy of the allied forces to hit civilian targets in order to destroy the populations morale.
Especially the night raids were a big problem for the German Luftwaffe. The single-engined day fighters Messerschmidt Bf-109 and Focke-Wulf Fw-190 did not have the necessary endurance and were not able to carry the radar equipment necessary to pick up the bombers at night. Almost any of the larger double-engined aircraft types in the German inventory was developed into night fighter variants, in the beginning the small Messerschmidt Bf-110, then the bomber Junkers Ju-88 and later even the then new twin-turbojet powered Messerschmidt Me-262.
The only type which was developed especially for the night fighter role was the Heinkel He-219. She made her maiden flight on 6-November 1942. The Luftwaffe´s night fighter command soon demanded 2,000 aircraft of this type, but production reached only about ten aircraft per month from December 1943 onwards.
Nevertheless the He-219 proved to be an excellent aircraft which featured very aerodynamic lines, a heavy armament and high speed, combined with the latest in German radar technology of this period.
There were several sub variants of the type, depending on the attack armament. Gun sets used in the He-219 comprised of different mixes of the type MG 151 20 mm machine gun and MK 103 and MK 108 30 mm machine cannons. Aircraft were usually fitted with which was available.
The radars of the He-219 were the FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN-2 and the FuG 212 Lichtenstein C-1 units. They are easily recognizable by the prominent antennas at the aircraft's nose. Early production aircraft were fitted with both units, while the smaller FuG 212/C-1 was omitted on most later aircraft.
Above text by Michael Gurezka
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